I loko o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoili wai, ʻo ka valve kahi ʻāpana mana koʻikoʻi, nona ka hana o ka hoʻoponopono, diversion, anti-backflow, cut-off, a me shunt. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka valve i nā ʻoihana a me nā kīwila. ʻO ka valve wela kiʻekiʻe kahi ʻano i hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā kiwi. ʻO kāna mau mea kiko'ī penei: ka hana hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi, hiki ke hana i ka hoʻopau hohonu; maikaʻi weldability; maikaʻi ka lawe ʻana i ka hopena, paʻakikī ke hōʻino ʻia e ka hana ʻino; ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka huhū huhū a pēlā aku. Nui nā ʻano o nā kiwi wela wela. ʻO ka mea maʻamau ka wela kiʻekiʻekiwi lele, ka wela kiʻekiʻe kiwi poepoe, nā kānana wela kiʻekiʻe, a me ka wela kiʻekiʻe kiwi puka.

ʻO nā kiwikā kiʻekiʻe ka wela o ka puka puka, nā pahu pani pani kiʻekiʻe, nā kiwi hoʻopaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe pōpō pōlele, kiʻekiʻe-menahana butterfly kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe-mehana nila kiwi puuwai, kiʻekiʻe-mehana throttle kiwikā, a kiʻekiʻe-mehana puʻe ho'ēmi kiwikā. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia nā ʻīpuka ʻīpuka, nā kīwaha honua, nā kiwi hoʻopaʻa, nā kinipōpō a me nā valves butterfly.

ʻO nā kūlana hana wela kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka mahana haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ka wela kiʻekiʻe Ⅰ, ka wela kiʻekiʻe Ⅱ, ka wela kiʻekiʻe Ⅲ, ka wela kiʻekiʻe Ⅳ, a me ka wela kiʻekiʻe Ⅴ, e hōʻike ʻia ma lalo nei.

1. Ka wela haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe

ʻO ka mahana haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe ʻo ia ka mahana hana o ka valve ma kahi o 325 ～425 ℃. Inā he wai a me ka mahu, WCB, WCC, A105, WC6 a me WC9 ke hoʻohana nui ʻia. Inā he ʻaila sulfur ka waena, C5, CF8, CF3, CF8M, CF3M, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, nā mea kū i ka sulfide corrosion, hoʻohana nui ʻia. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i ka lewa a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā mea hana a me nā mea hana coking lohi i nā refineries. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia nā valves i hana ʻia me CF8, CF8M, CF3 a me CF3M no ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion o nā hopena waikawa, akā hoʻohana ʻia no nā huahana aila sulfur a me nā paipu aila a me ke kinoea. Ma kēia kūlana, ʻo ka wela hana kiʻekiʻe o CF8, CF8M, CF3 a me CF3M ʻo 450 ° C.

2. Kiʻekiʻe wela Ⅰ

Ke 425 ka mahana hana o ka valve ～550 ℃, he papa wela kiʻekiʻe I (i kapa ʻia ʻo ka papa PI). ʻO ka mea nui o ka PI grade valve he "wela kiʻekiʻe Ⅰ grade medium carbon chromium nickel rare earth titanium high quality heat-resistant steel" me CF8 ma ke ʻano kumu ma ASTMA351 maʻamau. No ka mea he inoa kūikawā ka papa PI, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka manaʻo o ke kila kila (P) kiʻekiʻe. No laila, inā he wai a mahu paha ka mea hana, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kila wela kiʻekiʻe WC6 (t≤540 ℃) a i ʻole WC9 (t≤570 ℃), ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana ʻaila i loko o ka sulfur. C5 (ZG1Cr5Mo), akā ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo PI-papa ma aneʻi.

3. Kiekie wela II

ʻO ka mahana hana o ka valve he 550 ～650 ℃, a ua helu ʻia ʻo ia me ke kiʻekiʻe wela Ⅱ (i kapa ʻia ʻo P Ⅱ). PⅡ papa kiʻekiʻe wela kiwi ka mea nui i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ke kaumaha aila catalytic māwae mea o ka refinery. Loaʻa iā ia ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka uhi ʻana i ka ʻīpuka paʻa paʻa i hoʻohana ʻia i ka nozzle ʻekolu-rotation a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea nui o ka PⅡ grade valve he "kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe Ⅱ grade medium carbon chromium nickel rare earth titanium tantalum reinforced heat-resistant steel" me CF8 ma ke ʻano kumu ma ASTMA351 maʻamau.

4. Kiekie wela III

ʻO ka mahana hana o ka valve he 650 ～730 ℃, a ua helu ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he wela kiʻekiʻe III (i kapa ʻia ʻo PⅢ). PⅢ papa kiʻekiʻe wela kiwipa ua nui hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka nui kaumaha aila catalytic māwae mawae ma refineries. ʻO ka mea nui o ka PⅢ papa kiʻekiʻe wela wela ka CF8M e pili ana i ka ASTMA351.

5.High wela Ⅳ

ʻO ka mahana hana o ka valve he 730 ～816 ℃, a ua helu ʻia ʻo ia he wela kiʻekiʻe IV (i kapa ʻia ʻo PIV no ka pōkole). ʻO ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana hana o ka valve PIV he 816 ℃, no ka mea, ʻo ka mahana kiʻekiʻe loa i hāʻawi ʻia e ka maʻamau ASMEB16134 kaomi-mahana maʻamau i koho ʻia no ka hoʻolālā valve ʻo 816 ℃ (1500υ). Eia kekahi, ma hope o ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana hana ma mua o 816 ° C, kokoke ke kila i ke komo ʻana i ka ʻāina wela forging. I kēia manawa, aia ka metala i loko o ka ʻāpana deformation plastic, a he plasticity maikaʻi ka metala, a paʻakikī ke kū i ke kaomi hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika hopena a mālama iā ia mai ka deforming. ʻO ka mea nui o ka P Ⅳ valve ʻo CF8M i ka maʻamau ASTMA351 ma ke ʻano he kumu "kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe Ⅳ medium carbon chromium nickel molybdenum rare earth titanium tantalum reinforced heat-resistant steel". ʻO CK-20 a me ASTMA182 maʻamau F310 (me ka maʻiʻo C ≥01050%) a me F310H ke kila kila wela.

6, kiʻekiʻe wela Ⅴ

ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana hana o ka valve ma mua o 816 ℃, i kapa ʻia ʻo PⅤ, PⅤ kiʻekiʻe wela wela (no ka pani pani ʻana, ʻaʻole hoʻoponopono i nā valves butterfly) pono e hoʻohana i nā ʻano hana hoʻolālā kūikawā, e like me ka lining insulation lining a i ʻole ka wai a i ʻole ke kinoea. e hōʻoia i ka hana maʻamau o ka valve. No laila, ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ka wela hana o ka papa PⅤ kiʻekiʻe wela wela, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia ka mahana hana o ka valve control e ka mea wale nō, akā ma nā ʻano hana hoʻolālā kūikawā, a me ke kumu kumu o ke ʻano hoʻolālā. ua like. Hiki i ka PⅤ pae kiʻekiʻe wela ke koho i nā mea kūpono e hiki ke hoʻokō i ka valve e like me kāna ʻano hana a me ke kaomi hana a me nā ʻano hana hoʻolālā kūikawā. I ka papa PⅤ kiʻekiʻe wela wela, ʻo ka mea maʻamau ka flapper a i ʻole butterfly valve o ka flue flapper valve a i ʻole butterfly valve e koho maʻamau ʻia mai HK-30 a me HK-40 mau mea wela wela i ka maʻamau ASTMA297. ʻAʻole hiki ke kūpaʻa i ka haʻalulu a me ke kaumaha kiʻekiʻe.